Synchronous Bilateral Breast Carcinoma in a Patient with Cowden Syndrome with PTEN Mutation: A Case Report

Cowden syndrome (CS), also known as multiple hamartomas syndrome, is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant disorder caused by a germline mutation in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene mapped on chromosome 10. The clinical features of CS are variable, primarily presenting as mucocutaneous lesions (99%). A mucocutaneous lesion, such as trichilemmoma of the face or keratosis of the extremities, is an important diagnostic marker for CS. CS has been reported to increase the incidence of benign and malignant neoplasms in the breast, thyroid, and gastrointestinal tract. The risk of developing malignancy in individuals with CS is up to 10 times higher than general population throughout an entire life time.

Metaplastic Carcinoma with Chondroid Differentiation Mimicking Malignant Phyllodes Tumor: A Case Report

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a rare type of neoplasms with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation is relatively an uncommon type among the different types of metaplastic carcinoma. In this report we present a case of metaplastic breast carcinoma with chondroid differentiation as a complex mass containing both components of invasive ductal carcinoma and chondroid differentiation. The invasive ductal carcinoma and chondroid differentiation show early contrast enhancement, delayed contrast wash out, diffusion restriction and intermediate or high signal intensity on T2-weighted image with minimal contrast enhancement, respectively.

The Usefulness of Ultrasonography in Painful Hip

The causes of hip pain are variable, and, due to its size and deep position, complete physical examination is often difficult. In the past, ultrasonography (US) for the hip was mainly performed in order to rule out developmental hip dysplasia in infants or for evaluation of joint effusion. Now, however, US of the hip has been widely accepted as a useful modality in patients with hip pain and is commonly used in both adults and children. Joint effusion, bursitis, tendinosis or tendon tear, and acetabular labral tear can be main targets. Dynamic study for snapping hip is another unique advantage of US. In addition, US is very useful for guided procedures - aspiration, biopsy, or injection. In this review, the authors will discuss US findings of these common lesions with a brief review of anatomy.